Show how foil characters behavior and values contrast the protagonist Essay

Show how foil characters conduct and qualities differentiate the hero in the cutting edge dramatization play Death of a Salesman by Miller and A Doll House by Ibsen - Essay Example In a â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Charley and Biff can be considered as foil for the fundamental hero Willy. The point of this paper is to investigate and show the character contrasts between the foil characters and heroes. Initially, it will be contended that Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House† astute and genuine Mrs. Linde differentiated adolescent and energetic character Nora. Also, Mrs. Linde encourages Nora to leave on another excursion of ending up by pushing her to confront the truth and uncover herself. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that in Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† sensible and reasonable Charley and Biff are featured the visionary and fairly insane side of Willy. Be that as it may, while Mrs. Linde, as her foil, encourages Nora to confront the truth and to start another life, Biff’s challenges are not adequate make Willy, the shocking saint whose intellectual capacities appear to be harmed, to grasp the tru th. In Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll House†, Mrs. Linde and Krogstad fill in as foils for Nora and Torval, since their disparities gives a difference. Henrik Ibsen depicts Nora as an exuberant young lady, and her happy demeanor is featured by Mrs. Linde’s genuine, quiet and dismal conduct. Their absolute first discussion denotes the contrasts between the characters. Rather than Nora’s quick and musical discussion, which is full with exuberant articulations and shout marks, Mrs. Linde’s answers are fairly short and exact, if not gruff. Nora’s earnestness is additionally underscored in the content by alluding to her as â€Å"Mrs. Linde†. The accompanying citation shows the irregular and loquacious nature of Nora as opposed to the pale and dull Mrs. Linde: â€Å"Nora: To have fun over Christmas, obviously. Gracious, how exquisite! Truly, have a good time, we’ll do that. However, take your jacket off. You are not as yet cold? (Helping he r). There now, let’s get comfortable here by the oven. No, the armchair there! I’ll take the rocker here. (Seizing

Giant Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae

Monster Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae Theres an explanation individuals from the family Belostomatidae are called mammoths. The monster water bugs remember the greatest creepy crawlies for their whole request. North American species can arrive at 2.5 inches long, yet the size record for this family has a place with a South American animal varieties that quantifies an entire 4 crawls long at development. These cumbersome Hemipterans sneak underneath the outside of lakes and lakes, where theyre known to nip at the toes of clueless waders. What Do Giant Water Bugs Resemble? Monster water bugs pass by various monikers. Theyre called toe biters for their propensity for examining people groups feet (which, as you may envision, is an alarming and excruciating experience). Some call them electric light bugs, on the grounds that as grown-ups these winged behemoths can and do fly, and will appear around patio lights during mating season. Others call them fish executioners. In Florida, individuals once in a while call them crocodile ticks. Regardless of the moniker, theyre enormous and they nibble. Individuals from the group of mammoth water bugs shares certain morphological attributes. Their bodies are oval and lengthen fit as a fiddle, and seem smoothed. They have raptorial front legs, made for getting a handle on prey, with thick femora. Monster water bugs have short heads, and significantly shorter recieving wires, which are tucked underneath the eyes. A mouth, or platform, creases under the head, similarly as in earthbound genuine bugs, similar to professional killer bugs. They inhale by methods for two little members toward the finish of the mid-region, which capacity like siphons. How Are Giant Water Bugs Classified? Realm †AnimaliaPhylum †ArthropodaClass †InsectaOrder †HemipteraFamily - Belostomatidae What Do Giant Water Bugs Eat? A goliath water bug eats exactly what you would anticipate a huge, predaceous, amphibian bug to eat: different creepy crawlies, tadpoles, little fish, and snails. Theyll eat whatever they can catch, and they dont fret about discovering little prey. Giant water bugs can overwhelm critters a few times their size with their solid, getting a handle on forelegs. As per a few sources, goliath water bugs have even been known to catch and devour little feathered creatures. Like every single genuine bug, goliath water bugs have puncturing, sucking mouthparts. They puncture their prey, infuse them with solid stomach related catalysts, and afterward suck up the pre-processed bits. The Life Cycle of Giant Water Bugs Goliath water bugs experience inadequate transformation, similarly as every single genuine bug do. The youthful eclose (rise up out of their eggs) looking a lot of like smaller than normal variants of their folks. The fairies are completely oceanic. Theyâ molt and grow a few times until they arrive at adulthood and sexual development. Fascinating Behaviors of Giant Water Bugs Maybe the most captivating thing about goliath water bugs is the manner in which they care for their posterity. In certain genera (Belostoma and Abedus), the female stores her eggs on her mates back. The male monster water bug is entrusted with thinking about the eggs until they incubate in 1 fourteen days. During this time, he shields them from predators, and routinely carries them to the surface for oxygen. He will likewise move to work up the water around his body, keeping it oxygenated. In different species (variety Lethocerus), the mated female stores her eggs on sea-going vegetation, over the water line. However, guys still assume a job in their consideration. The male will normally remain lowered close to the plants stem, and will intermittently move out of the water and wet the eggs with water from his body. Mammoth water bugs are likewise known to play dead when undermined, a conduct is known as thanatosis. In the event that you happen to gather up a goliath water bug in a plunge net while investigating your nearby lake, dont be tricked! That dead water bug may very well wake up and chomp you. Where Do Giant Water Bugs Live? Goliath water bugs number around 160 species around the world, however just 19 species possess the U.S. what's more, Canada. All through their range, goliath water bugs live in lakes, lakes, and even seepage trench. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, seventh version, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Guide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America.Belostomatidae, University of California-Riverside. Gotten to February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), by Paul M. Choate, University of Florida Extension. Gotten to online February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, University of Florida. Gotten to February 21, 2013.Family Belostomatidae - Giant Water Bugs, BugGuide.Net. Gotten to February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bug Parents, The Dragonfly Woman. Gotten to February 21, 2013.

Did you know COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Did you know COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog When the US Congress passed The Bipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act of 2013, it created a student loan interest rate tied to the 10-year Treasury note, to be adjusted annually. As you are aware, interest rates have been rising, and the US Department of Education recently announced that rates for academic periods beginning on or after July 1, 2014 will be as follows: Direct Unsubsidized Student Loans: 6.21% Graduate PLUS Loans: 7.21% These rates represent a 0.8% increase over the rates available between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014. If you intend to borrow and are enrolled in a program that includes a summer term, such as the PESP or PEPM programs, or continuing students in the EMPA program, the lower rates still apply so long as you complete all necessary application materials before July 1. These rates are fixed for the life of the loan, although we are encouraged by recent proposals in the Senate to allow for refinancing of student loans at lower interest rates. Also remember that the government deducts fees from these loans at the time of disbursement; rates set during Sequestration are now at 1.073% for the Unsubsidized Loan and 4.292% for the PLUS loan. If you have any questions about student loans, please contact the SIPA Financial Aid Office at  sipa_finaid@columbia.edu   or 212-854-6216. We hope you have an enjoyable and productive summer.

Women s Rights During The French Revolution - 1041 Words

However, ‘theory’ is the key word here, as this was not true in practice. As Johnson highlights, there were no legal provisions at any point during the French Revolution to guarantee these rights. Although the estates system was abolished, the class system remained, and there continued to be huge wealth disparity in France. As the October Days in the same year highlighted, urban workers continued to struggle to afford bread. The Declaration only guaranteed equality of rights. Although this is significant, the Declaration was by no means so revolutionary that it eliminated inequality and oppression in France. This is arguably best exemplified by examining women’s rights. The Declaration makes little progress in gender equality. Men†¦show more content†¦Since the constitution was likely to have taken a long time to compose and ratify, and France had no Magna Carta or Declaration of Independence to work from, it makes sense for Lafayette to have wanted to es tablish a list of rights to support the new French state during this interim period. Consequently, the Declaration was never meant to be the zenith of liberty and equality; that was what the constitution would be for. However, Lafayette had an agenda, and he included in his draft his own ideals for what France should be. He included provisions for universal suffrage (‘free representation of citizens’), gender equality, the abolition of slavery, and ‘the correction of the entire human establishment’. With this last phrase especially, it is essential to remember that Lafayette was writing a percussor to the constitution, the latter of which he hoped would fundamentally transform France into a free and equal society. If Mirabeau and Sieyà ¨s had not removed these clauses, it is possible that the French Revolution would have taken a different trajectory. However, it did not, and the final Declaration that was issued on the 26th August was a conservative retrea t that did comparatively little to improve the lives of the vast majority of French people. Consequently, these significant limitations of the Declaration mean that whilst it had a huge impact on the theoretical rights of French people, it was nowhere nearShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The French Revolution1696 Words   |  7 PagesWomen participated in virtually every aspect of the French Revolution. Their participation almost always proved controversial, as women s status in the family, society, and politics had long been a subject of great debate. In the eighteenth century, women were destined to cater to their husbands and families, taking on domestic roles in the home rather than public, political ones. Despite this, women in the revolution demonstrated themselves as symbols of subversive brilliance, previously unprecedentedRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Woman And The Female Citizen858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was written in the late 1700’s. This document is important because it shows how women are just as equal as men are. It states that, â€Å"Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility†(Traditions and Encounters 640). Women have always played a significant role during crises. Almost all the times they were devaluated and history did not dedicate them many pages to point outRead MoreFrance - Change over Time Essay (French Revolution)1156 Words   |  5 Pages*As the title indicates, this is a change/continuity AP essay written for World History class. 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The French Revolution then follows in 1789, provoked by â€Å"...a greater demandRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Wester n Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, theRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Enlightment828 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment based on reason. However, John Locke’s concept differed with Thomas Hobbes’ about human nature. Hobbes felt humanity was selfish and greedy. While on the other hand, Locke believed that every individual was born good and were given natural rights by God. 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Parker 04/29/16 The French Revolution The topic that I will be writing about is the French Revolution and how it affected France as a nation. The book that I read was The French Revolution, A tale of Terror and Hope for Our Times, by Harold Behr. This book gave a very large and broad overview of what transpired during the French Revolution, which occurred during the years of 1789-1799. Though the book covered a lot of material that happened throughout those years, IRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagesand America, Women had no political rights and were forced to rely on men. The women were destined to live a life of a house wife, she was only seen competent enough in society to raise and educate kids and take care of her household. In both countries, the revolution increased the population’s attention to political matters and made liberty and equality very important to the people. Unfortunately, Women did not claim any rights during this time, but the women of the French Revolution and the activitiesRead MoreThe Goals Of The French Revolution1360 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in 1789, the French Revolution was a time of rebellion, passion, betrayal, death, violence, and perseverance. Before 1789, King Louis XVI was taxing his poorest people heavily, whilst the rich were hardly taxed at all. The socioeconomic system in place at the time, known as the ancien regime, ruthlessly upheld the status quo. When the tension in France rose to a boiling point, fiery, young rebels to rose up against the Monarchy, the Ancien Regime, and the Clergy. These revolutionaries desperately

Pay, Allowances And Compensation At An Organization

Pay, Allowances and Compensation in an Organization INTRODUCTION In this study with respect to Pay, Allowances and Compensation of an organization, the compensation and benefits given by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. to its employees has been taken for the study as it is highest ranked Indian corporate in the prestigious Fortune Global 500 listing companies. Indian Oil Corporation Limited is the country s flagship national oil company, with business interest straddling the entire hydrocarbon value chain - exploration production of crude oil and gas, refining, pipeline transportation and marketing of petroleum products, natural gas and petrochemicals. Indian Oil and its subsidiaries enjoy a dominant share of national refining capacity, pipeline capacity in the downstream sector and petroleum products market. Indian Oil has a strong workforce of over 34,000 employees which has been instrumental in meeting India s energy demands for more than five decades now. At IndianOil operations are strategically structured along the verticals - Refineries, Pipelines, Marketing, RD centre and Business Development - Exploration Production of oil and gas, Petrochemicals and Natural Gas. One of its obligations towards the employees is to develop their capabilities and facilitate their advancement through appropriate training and career planning. To also have a fair dealings with recognized representatives of employees in pursuance of healthy industrial relations practices andShow MoreRelatedCompensation For An Organization s Mission Statement1375 Words   |  6 PagesTotal Compensation in the Army Compensation is a critical aspect of every organization and appropriate consideration and strategic planning must be conducted in regards to compensation in order to ensure success of the organization’s mission statement. I believe that most managers fail to recognize the importance of compensation in the strategic planning process and write it off as something that they have little input or value added. They fail to consider that they have the responsibility toRead MoreStrategic Planning For An Organization s Mission Statement1378 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation is a critical aspect of every organization and appropriate consideration and strategic planning must be conducted in regards to compensation in order to ensure success of the organization’s mission statement. I believe that most managers fail to recognize the importance of compensation in the strategic planning process and write it off as something that they have little input or value added. They fail t o consider that they have the responsibility to analyze compensation in the strategicRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreAssignment1202 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation Management in corporates amp; components of compensation | By Regu Krishnan   Dy. Manager Ford India    | Introduction:- The increasing competitiveness of the labour market and turnover of employees had resulted in nightmare in compensation planning. Apart from this, the growing demands of the employees and competitive salaries offered by multinational companies had almost resulted in a compensation war in certain industries. Therefore, the human resources managersRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Package944 Words   |  4 PagesEmployee Compensation and Benefits Package The organization for which I am designing the compensation package is a company that offers internet solution to customers in the domestic US market and the global market. The position that I am hiring is that of a company secretary. The secretary will be required to work in the office of the human resource manager and will handle all the papered and paperless documentation. The position comes with numerous benefits and packages as outlined herein. AfterRead MoreName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health946 Words   |  4 PagesName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health This case study is about a student Monroe davies who is in his second year at Harvard Business school and Jim Hummer who is the CEO of a company named Whole Health Management. Jim has met Monroe before and knows that Monore is interested in entering the whole health management. Jim has asked Monroe to design a compensation package for himself as Director Business Operations because Jim wanted to assess how Monroe reacts when faced byRead MoreName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health940 Words   |  4 PagesName Your Price: Compensation Negotiation at Whole Health This case study is about a student Monroe davies who is in his second year at Harvard Business school and Jim Hummer who is the CEO of a company named Whole Health Management. 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GlobalRead MoreComponents Of The Compensation Program1463 Words   |  6 Pagesof expatriate compensation After the preliminary consideration, the basic structure of international compensation programs is similar to the structure of domestic compensation programs (Martocchio, 2015). The main component includes base pay and employee benefits. The nonperformance-based incentive and allowance differ international compensation packages from domestic compensation packages. In the following section, I will focus on the difference part between expatriate compensation and domestic compensationRead MoreThe Globalization Of The World Economy Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagestransfer revolves around the employee s willingness to uproot their lives and relocate to a new state (Longnecker, 2004). As a result, companies are now developing attractive compensation packages to motivate the employees to accept these assignments (Longnecker, 2004). This paper will analyze the concept of expatriate compensation while highlighting the dynamics involved in developing one. Summary of a Nation’s characteristics Kenya is located in East Africa and based on the results of the national

Adriaen van de Venne’s “Moralizing Scene with an Old Woman and a Man” Free Essays

Adriaen van de Venne is perhaps one of the more popular Dutch painters from the Baroque era. Although he was not formally trained as an artist, a number of Dutch artists have influenced Adriaen van de Venne’s style. Jan and Peter Brueghel are two of the artists whose styles have influenced van de Venne quite greatly, both employing their painting style and the over-all theme of their chosen subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on Adriaen van de Venne’s â€Å"Moralizing Scene with an Old Woman and a Man† or any similar topic only for you Order Now His experiences as a book illustrator, painter and draftsman, and the time he spent learning art with local artists enabled Adriaen van de Venne to come up with his own signature style, of which the grisaille technique appears most commonly. His painting, Moralizing Scene with an Old Woman and a Man was painted by Adriaen van de Venne in 1631. The oil on paper painting measures 6 9/16 inches by 4  ½ inches and is quite characteristic of the artist’s later style, specifically the grisaille technique. The grisaille technique primarily makes use of different shades of gray for a monochromatic, more dramatic effect. Perhaps the most striking characteristic of the painting is the use of subtle tones of the only one color to depict the entire scene. An old woman carrying a cat is seen smoking an older man’s pipe, which he carries close enough for the woman to take a puff. Another old man who is partly hidden behind the old woman is seen tapping her shoulder, while a boy patting a dog is seen behind the old man with the pipe. Another significant element in the painting is the use of light. The old man with the pipe carries a lamp on his other hand which lights his face quite clearly, as well as his hands and also the old woman’s face. The light that the lamp gives off makes it possible to see the finer details of the painting such as the old man’s thick beard; the old woman’s wrinkled face and also their soiled hands. The crescent moon on the upper left corner of the painting also makes wise use of light in the painting itself, adding more flair and making the otherwise dull night more dramatic. Art enthusiasts believe that Adriaen van de Venne’s Moralizing Scene with an Old Woman and a Man is one of his works which makes the best use of light to highlight the features of the subjects on his painting. True to Adriaen van de Venne’s certain quality of painting scenes that depict normal people in their daily routine in a satirical, often symbolic light to warn against a number of unpleasant behavior. The particular painting might be suggestive of this particular characteristic; however, one cannot derive an absolute notion as to what the painting specifically depicts. Only inferences may be derived from the said painting as to which â€Å"immorality† it may warn people against, owing to the seemingly innocent act of the old woman smoking an old man’s pipe. Perhaps it talks about the immoral behavior that both the old man and woman exhibit especially during the period it was painted. The old woman smoking the pipe may suggest her unfounded extravagance, while the old man offering his pipe may suggest his unclear intentions for the woman. The man tapping the woman in the background may perhaps be suggesting that the woman should not be smoking from somebody else’s pipe in the first place while the child petting the dog provides a great contrast with the immoral behavior going on in the foreground. Personally the grisaille technique is not one of my favorite painting styles because of its subdued and monochromatic colors; however, having this particular painting of Adriaen van de Venne hung as part of my collection will surely be a delight because it will always serve as a reminder and a warning of the immorality that exists in society. The artist’s real intentions behind the painting may no longer be discovered but how one looks at it and interprets it may hold different significant meanings for different people. How to cite Adriaen van de Venne’s â€Å"Moralizing Scene with an Old Woman and a Man†, Papers

Review of Auror’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty Essay Example

Review of Auror’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Auror’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Auror’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Auror’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Review of Aurora’s Wedding from Sleeping Beauty Aurora’s wedding from the sleeping beauty was the third act directed and performed by several people including Sergei Diaghilev[1], a Russian ballet impresario as well as a founder of the Ballets Russes dance[2]. The single act play was first performed in Paris in 1922. The prior performance of the whole ballet was done in London in 1921. The one performed in Paris is confined to the last part of the whole ballet. It is about the marriage feast for Aurora, the princesses and her prince. The dances are performed by the guests, with some of them being nobles and several fairies. Some of the fairy tales included is such as the White Cat, Puss in Boots, the wolf, the Little Red Riding Hood and the Bluebird who came to join the awakened princess. The princess also danced with her prince, Florestan. Although the act is set on a story, its musical content is the most important here considering it is supposed to be a ballet. Other aspects such as the choreography and the design enhanc e in giving meaning to the whole wet, as well as the visual arts used. Although the production is dated back to the 1920s, it evokes a strong visual theme of the time that is enhanced by the combination of all its aspects. Diaghilev took the ballet to Europe under the name of The Sleeping Princess with his then established company, Ballets Russes in London. It was planned to run for six months and have alternations of Russian soloists. The production was quite opulent using sets of costumes designed by Leon Bakst. However, due to low turn out, the production had to stop after about 115 shows since the company was out of funds. At this time, Diaghilev had already entered into a contract to take the ballet to Paris. He left London with a huge debt, and the costumes were sequestered. Thus, he could only do the last act of the ballet, which is the wedding part. Additionally his dancers were on a leave since he had no money to pay. Therefore, he used borrowed costumes and scenery and changed the name of the ballet from The Sleeping Princess to Aurora’s Wedding. This was after the fail of The Sleeping Princess Diaghilev was the first to take the ballet outside of Russia to London at first in 1921, then to Paris in 1922. However, the World War I and the revolution in Russia had contributed since they could no longer go back to perform in their home country[3]. Diaghilev commissioned Stravinsky that the solo part of Aurora at the end of part II, and the start of part III be orchestrated. The music had been composed by Tchaikovsky, the second of his three most famous compositions. The whole music is about 3 hours long, but it is usually cut in ballet performances. It has two themes, with the first one depicting Carabosse. Her character is depicted by the first angry part in the overture. The angry sounding part is because of Carabosse’s anger, who declared a curse on the princess after not being invited to her christening. In her anger, she curses that the princess will prick her finger when she is 16 years old and will die. However, the Lilac Fairy had said she would not die. Rather, she would fall to a deep sleep for 100 years where she would be awakened by prince desire The music in the ballet is one of the many scores of Tchaikovsky that is considered to be among the most famous ballet music. However, during performance, it was cut due to its size in order to fit wit the story line. The music is full of notes pieces that include extensive divertissements, as well as ceremonial passages that fit the theme of the storylines that were modeled on Lully and Rameau[4]. The music varies in terms of speed. Some parts have a high tempo while others are low. This changes the steps of the dance where at high notes the dancers are fast with the steps and making sharp turns, as well as briskly steps. This sets the audience higher with emotions as the pace is varied. The variations also go with the storyline, where one would expect things to go first such as during the fight in order to enter the castle and awake the sleeping beauty. At this point, the pace and tone are high. This sets the mood for a duel as the story suggests. When the battle is won, the pace a gain slows down to show a change in the event where the prince awakens the sleeping beauty. Some of the set pieces are performed at a low key, mostly lacking grandeur. The choreography of the ballet, especially the steps are set according to the music. The pace is set by the pace of the music, which depicts or represents the storyline as aforementioned. The ballet seemed not easy to perform considering the techniques that the dancers were using. For an ordinary person, it would not be an easy task. Some steps and moves seem undoable to an ordinary person, setting ones nerves during the performance. For instance, during the processions the steps follow the music at its ceremonial passages where all the dancers enter the stage in a celebratory mood. The changing of the pace is quite enjoyable as it sets different moods to the audience[5]. At the sharp turns, one wonders how possible it is to dance to such a pace. However, the dancers are good at it and manage without any difficulty, which makes it even more thrilling to the audience. Additionally, at the steps, the dance becomes even more enjoyable, where their movements are enhanced by the costumes, as well as the grandeur with which the dancers perform. Costumes and design of the ballet are an important part of ballet dances since they reflect the overall concept of the particular ballet, the movement of the body, what is demanded by the choreography for each ballet as well as the effects that different fabrics could have while one is in motion. Ballet costumes can vary widely depending on the ballet itself. The costume design could adapt the traditional requirement for a particular dancing technique. The costumes have to allow for maximum movement of the body, while decorations had to be carefully placed in order to avoid injuring the dancers and their partners. Additionally, since the body is supposed to communicate the story to the audience, a costume that fits each character should be used. For instance, in this case, the Puss in Boots had to have costumes that fit a cat in boots or else the story would not be communicated. In the ballet or Aurora’s wedding, Diaghilev sought to bring the rich Russian cultures and style to Europe. The costumes had some Russian elements in them as well as modern styles considering he also focused on modernity. Through a representation of his homeland, he brought notable strands of Russian style to Europe. In the 1920s when the dance is performed, the costumes were exotic tunics and veils that were wrapped around the body. The dancers dressed in turbans and harems pants as opposed to the traditional tutu and feather headsets[6]. In this ballet, the costumes looked expensive considering their time and the design. The costumes have been designed to fit the musical content as well as to fit the dance. The men are dressed in harem pants and turbines. They allow free movement of the body with ease. Additionally, they fit the theme of celebrating a wedding as well as each character. Those won by the prince fit his character or status as a king, while they still allow him to dance with ease at the final dance. The Bluebird as well has costumes that fit the role. The lower body costumes for the male dancers are a bit loose. The tops are more decorated, and freer to allow the movement of the arms and have decorations at the end or the edges, as well as the edges of the coats below the waist. In some occasions, the costumes are accompanied by hats. On the other hand, the female costumes are not quite long, and are free at the lower part of the body to allow free movement of the legs during the dance while they are tight at the upper body. Most of them have free flowing sleeves in order to allow free movement of the arms. However, for some of the characters, the costumes are a bit different in terms of length. This is meant to show different status within the dance where the ones with more embroidery and decorations are worn by the queen and some of the fairies. The Little Red Riding Hood is represented in a red hood as the name suggests. The female costumes are filled with bright decorations that enhance the beauty of the dance as well as bringing the right moods and emotions to the dance. The design and colors used in the ballet presented a new aesthetic of the 20th century. The ballet used bright colors that reflected in the light to give clear and vivid images as well as to highlight the movement of the dancers at different parts of the body. This enhances their performance considering the stage is not very brightly lit, which I think has to do with the age. At the time, lighting of theaters was not as advances as the current one and bright clothes were ideal for enhancing the movement of the dancers. Further, the bright color fit the theme of the story considering that ballets are supposed to be telling a story using expressions of the body. Therefore, the bright costumes fitted the occasion, which is a wedding in this case. This further brought the right mood to the audience, since it would be unlikely for people to celebrate in dull colors. Further, the decorations on the costumes played a role towards enhancing the celebratory mood at the time. Diaghilev and his company had traveled throughout several countries with performances. The group had become quite popular considering it incorporated talented dancers, choreographers and music composers[7]. During the First World War, Diaghilev and his company were banned from returning to Russia[8]. During this time, the company had to try out new ideas that would impress the European markets. This influenced his work where he sought to create new performance arts such as the Le Train Bleu and Les Biches, which looked more fashionable according to the society in which they had to live. This influenced the production of Aurora’s Wedding since he had to ensure it captured the European market. Additionally, the company had several productions that reflected on the Russian folklore as well as Orient and Greek legends. At the time Diaghilev formed the company, much of ballet performances were done in Russia considering European ballets had gone down at the time. Therefore, when it became clear to Diaghilev during the World War I that the ballets had no future in Russia he had to seek other markets. It is for this reason that the company and its dancers relocated to Paris[9]. In order to revive ballets in Europe and other countries, it was important to incorporate some of the modern trends within the European setting together with the Russian style. This had a major influence in the production of Aurora’s dance in terms of costume and design of the arts, as well. Although much of Russian style could be seen, it was influenced by the European styles as well as new creative designs on which the company had been working. The company could not survive on Russian ballets alone. There was a need for a new style that could appeal to the modern society. The costumes thus took the form of daily clothe s with which people could associate. This further influenced the fashion of the 20th century. They brought about modernism that changed costumes from the usual restrictions to a wider variety, in contrast to the traditional view. The ballet is one of a kind considering it was performed in the 1920s and stills evoke a strong visual theme that is noticeable even today. The ballet uses several visual enhancing techniques that include the scenery, costumes and lighting. The music sets the pace of the choreography, which is closely related with the storyline. The entrance of the dancers, as they come to the feast, is depicted in the celebratory passages, in the music. The variations of the music change the action on stage, where the dancers change their steps and dance to the pace. Additionally, I realized that the pace was made to match with the mood of the story line where, where the scene of the duel to enter the castle by the prince takes place. As the guests enter the stage to celebrate the feast, the mood is set at low tone where progression is not paced up. This matches well with the theme of the story.

Impact of Slave Trade essays

Impact of Slave Trade essays The slave trade of the 14th through 19th centuries had many impacts on the U.S. and Latin America. In my opinion, though there may have been less slaves shipped there, the overall impact on the U.S. was greater than on Latin America. In many ways these impacts are still being felt today. Some people would say that the greatest impact of the slave trade was the United Stated Civil War. I suppose that this would be an obvious and correct statement, but I believe that the consequences extend far beyond that. In my opinion, the most important consequence of the slave trade is seen in todays American society. Our culture is very concerned with political correctness, and a lot of it is a result of the poor treatment of minorities by our country in the past. It is obvious that the slave trade brought on hundreds of years of racism toward the black race. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, there was a struggle between the oppressors and the oppressed, ending with the oppressed finally receiving full rights as human beings. Ever since then, there has been an increased level of awareness in the way our culture acts toward minorities, African Americans in particular. I notice people taking extra care in not offending anyone. It is now practically taboo to call someone black, whereas forty years ago it would not be unusual to hear that same person being called the n-word in normal conversation. There are many other examples of the hyper-awareness of American society. Affirmative action illustrated what I believe is the height of the P.C. craze. Though it was later ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, affirmative action established a quota of minorities for businesses and schools. Essentially, if two people, one black and one white, had the same qualifications for a job, or the same GPA and SAT score on a college application, the slot would go to the black ...

Definition and Examples of Persiflage in English

Definition and Examples of Persiflage in English Definition Persiflage is a light, flippant, and/or mocking manner of speech or writing. Also called banter, idle chatter, or small talk. Philip Gooden describes persiflage as a variant on banter. It doesnt add much to that word or other English equivalents and has a slightly twee or over-literary quality (Faux Pas: A No-nonsense Guide to Words and Phrases, 2006) See Examples and Observations below. Also see: ConversationParodySarcasmSnarkVerbal Irony EtymologyFrom the Latin, whistle talk   Examples and Observations Persiflage is speech or writing with tongue in cheek. It combines irony, levity, and paradox, treating trifles as serious matters and serious matters as trifles.(Willard R. Espy, The Garden of Eloquence: A Rhetorical Bestiary. Harper Row, 1983) Lord Chesterfield on Persiflage- There is a certain jargon, which, in French, I should call un Persiflage dAffaires, that a foreign Minister ought to be perfectly master of, and may be used very advantageously at great entertainments, in mixed companies, and in all occasions where he must speak, and should say nothing. Well turned and well spoken, it seems to mean something, though in truth it means nothing. It is a kind of political badinage, which prevents or removes a thousand difficulties, to which a foreign Minister is exposed in mixed conversations.(Philip Dormer Stanhope, Lord Chesterfield, letter to his son, January 15, 1753)- Persiflage. Lord Chesterfield, in a letter of 1757, was the first to use this word in English. Upon these del icate occasions you must practice the ministerial shrugs and persiflage. Hannah More in 1779 presented the feminine attitude toward the cold compound of irony, irreligion, selfishness, and sneer, which make up what the French . . . so well express by the word persiflage. Carlyle, in Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), said of Voltaire: They felt that, if persiflage be the great thing, there never was such a persifleur.(Joseph T. Shipley, The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. John Hopkins University Press, 1984) Persiflage in Women in LoveI think you are very silly. I think you want to tell me you love me, and you go all this way round to do it.All right, he said, looking up with sudden exasperation. Now go away then, and leave me alone. I dont want any more of your meretricious persiflage.Is it really persiflage? she mocked, her face really relaxing into laughter. She interpreted it, that he had made a deep confession of love to her. But he was so absurd in his words, also.(D.H. Lawrence, Women in Love, 1920) The Persiflage of Bruce WillisI remember when they told Sylvia Plath, Hey, Syl, cheer up! I remember when they told e. e. cummings, e, baby; use caps! But did ol e listen? No. Little n. Little o.(Bruce Willis as David Addison in Moonlighting, 1985)Hans Gruber: I thought I told all of you, I want radio silence until further . . .John McClane: Ooooh, Im very sorry, Hans. I didnt get that message. Maybe you shouldve put it on the bulletin board. Since Ive waxed Tony and Marco and his fri end here, I figured you and Karl and Franco might be a little lonely, so I wanted to give you a call.Karl: How does he know so much about . . .Hans Gruber: Thats very kind of you. I assume you are our mysterious party crasher. You are most troublesome, for a security guard.John McClane: Eeeh! Sorry Hans, wrong guess. Would you like to go for Double Jeopardy where the scores can really change?Hans Gruber: Who are you then?John McClane: Just a fly in the ointment, Hans. The monkey in the wrench. The pain in the ass.(Alan Rickman, Bruce Willis, and Alexander Godunov in Die Hard, 1988) Barbershop PersiflageBuddy Litethe barbershop barfly who’s still lounging in his porkpie hat and violating the rule posted on a sign stating No jibber jabberpauses the persiflage to become sentimental.You see, what John doesn’t tell you is that all this is the sideshow, he says. The real museum here is the people.(Luke Jerod Kummer, In Pennsylvania, a Haircut to Remember. The Washington Post, February 25, 2011) Persiflage in FilmExcessive stylistic devices offer possibilities for shifting the status of the film narrative when the plot becomes secondary to persiflage, parody, and/or self-reflexive commentary. Only by recognizing the possibility of such a shift can stylistic devices such as excessive use of voice-over or pompous referencingwhich seem annoying because they hamper the progress of the storybe properly evaluated.(Peter Verstraten, Film Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Trans. by Stefan Van Der Lecq. University of Toronto Press, 2009) Pronunciation: PUR-si-flahz

Gay rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gay rights - Essay Example The main difference most probably is the treatment of the society towards the issue specifically since through the course of the movement’s history it had evolved in stages of prohibition, being trivial, being hated and being accepted and even legal (Andryszewski, 2000). Prior to openly promoting and fighting for gay rights, the gay people are also active promoting and fighting for other related civil issues. It can then be considered that their own situations inspired them (Clendinen & Nagourney, 2013). Based on another author, there are already initiatives toward gay civil rights fifty years before it had been given attention in the United States. The Scientific Humanitarian Committee which is considered as the forerunner of the rights of gay people was established in Germany with the visions of actively promoting gay civil rights, abolition of laws against gay people and information dissemination and education regarding gay people. It was then suppressed and halted during the period of the Nazis. In 1950, the Mattachine Society started the move in the United States although in 1924 the Society for Human Rights was established by Henry Gerber and in 1940 the Veterans Benevolent Association was established in New York City (Marcus, 2009). One of the most evident rise of the gay rights movement occurred in the middle of 1960s through the Stonewall event following the trend for the black civil right movement. The said group focused on ceasing the homosexual discrimination. It can be considered that during that year, there had been an epiphany and the gay population cannot wait to stand their ground and achieve their own rights. In the 70s, different institutions and mainstream organizations supported the fight by being against all forms of discriminations targeting the gay men and lesbians. Through the year 1969-70, gay liberation or â€Å"gay pride† became a highly popular and talked about social concept with active appearances in all forms of

Film Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Reflection - Essay Example It tries to explore the complex character of indigenous relationships, cultures and modern realities specifically the relationship between the fathers and sons in Native America. It is the story of one young Native man called Victor Joseph (Adam Beach) who stays with his mother Arlene (Tantoo Cardinal) in Idaho on the Coer d’Alene Indian Reservation and he has always abhorred his father and is trying to forgive him. After Victor finds out in the beginning of the film that Arnold his father is dead, he and Thomas his childhood friend set on a journey to pick his father’s ashes. During their journey, the two friends struggle with the constraints of forgiveness even as Victor begins to heal. It starts in the reservation in 1998 and there is a flashback to the 4th of July 1976 when there was a celebration of the â€Å"white man’s Independence Day†. It included holding the largest house party. As Thomas narrates over the image of a burning house. Arnold Joseph (Gary Farmer) accidentally sets fire to his neighbor’s house. The fire was uncontrollable and it ended up killing the couple who lived there but their baby was rescued by Joseph from the inferno after Thomas the baby was thrown out of the second story window from the burning house. The lucky rescued baby; Thomas (Evan Adams) is raised together with Victor who are almost of the same age by his grandmother. The grandmother offered her appreciation to Victor for saving Thomas and she told him he had done a good thing, but Arnold replied amidst tears that he did not mean to save Thomas. This tension which is the result of Arnold’s admission that he never intended to do good sets the tone for the entire film. Joseph shaves his hair in mourning but keeps drinking in desperation due to the inferno and its results. When Victor at 12 years old sees how his parents drunk, he got

Espn Is The Leader In Sports News Media Essay

Espn Is The Leader In Sports News Media Essay ESPN is the leader in sports news and entertainment across the globe, providing the most comprehensive coverage of sports and the events occurring around them. ESPN dominates the sports and sports news genre of the cable network with a total of six different channels to choose from, and their flagship program Sportscenter, which averages up to 115 million viewers a month (ESPN Corporate). ESPN also dominates the sports world online, with ESPN.com capturing 30 percent of all minutes spent on sports websites in 2010 and introducing five local ESPN web pages to major cities across the United States. Although ESPN has dominated the sports world in terms of news, analysis, and coverage of current events, they still have not claimed dominance concerning historical data. In 2009, ESPN unveiled their solution to this lack of leadership by introducing ESPNDB. ESPNDB is an acronym for Entertain and Sports Programming Network Database. ESPN took it upon themselves to combine archived and current data, articles, and media and create a specialized database for this collection. This specialized database was then made accessible to the largest network available, the World Wide Web. This is not only a collaboration of a database with a network, but the database itself is a collaboration of text, video, and audio. The database sets itself apart from other databases in similar fields not only through its collaboration of text, video, and audio, but its accurate and certifiable information. Web based databases such as Wikipedia, let users add information to their database. This interaction can be useful but also harmful. It was noted in a study by Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery determined that 11 percent of Wikipedia articles have been vandalized at some point in their life (Potash). ESPNDB uses information that is certified by its experts to ensure that all information presented in their database is accurate and verifiable. This accuracy attracts the average sports fan that is searching for information to utilized ESPNDB rather than taking their chance with information from a database with a history of questionable information posted as valid facts. Although ESPNDB was not created to allow any common individual add information to the database, which ensures its accuracy, it still was designed to be an interactive tool. The database was built to allow users an opportunity to post their thoughts, opinions, and their counter arguments to any statistics, videos, audio files, or columns posted in the database. This interactive section of ESPNDB allows the experts to review any disputed information, and search for the most accurate response possible. The creation of ESPNDB was a milestone for the ESPN company. ESPN brought their resources together to create a comprehensive, certifiable, and interactive database. This database, with proper time and focus put into updating and inserting new information topics, has the possibility to become the one and only sports database any sports fan or individual may every need to use. The rise of a two-click solution for finding sports information online via a search on Google and then a click-through to Wikipedia cannot be understated as an impetus for ESPNDB (Goetzl). ESPNDB is potentially a web based database that could have the power to overtake other websites, such as SI Vault, and become the most valuable tool for journalists, bloggers, and other types of sports reporters across the nation, perhaps someday the world. The only thing that could stop ESPNDB from becoming the dominant force of all sports based databases across the internet is itself. As stated, ESPNDB is undoubtedly the most comprehensive sports database available. Not only does ESPNDB cover a topic by providing current statistics, statistics from the recent past, and historical statistics, but ESPNDB digs deeper into topics than any database has before. With ESPNs vast collection of archived video analysis and interviews, archived audio files of both analysis and interviews as well as actual game casts, and their vast collection of images ranging from the most historic events in sporting history to images of players warming up in the bull pen, the database compiles every possible resource ESPN offers that relates to the topic and includes that resource in the database. This complexity of the ESPN database is a timely and exhausting process that has limited the production of the database, thus creating ESPNDBs major boundary of their own thoroughness. The same item that is a boundary to ESPNDB is the same item that makes this database such an important and useful asset to its users. This database allows any user of the internet the access to the immense collection of information that ESPN has to offer on particular topics. The average sports fan can benefit from this database by relying on its accurate information while researching a topic, but also see what commentators, columnists, and experts in that particular field had to say about the topic beyond just the statistical numbers. Journalists, bloggers and other sports writers now have an information database to retrieve data from when researching for articles and columns that they do not have to question and can rely upon. Also, they will have the capabilities of seeing what their colleagues have said about that particular topic in the past with the collaboration of media types in the ESPN database. Also, the common sports fan will be able to use the database to understand the basis and history behind particular sports or sporting events in a more useful manner. It was written that understanding new topics has become problematic with the increasing bits of information accumulating in every field of knowledge making comprehensive understanding difficult if not impossible to achieveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we must depend more and more on specialists (Finn). ESPNDB will offer that average fan an in-depth look at the history of sporting events with explanations and analysis from specialist and experts across the sporting world. This new, easy to access, understandable and comprehensible information database is a valuable asset to ESPN because it will peak the interest of the common fan, which will in turn promote the ESPN family as a whole. ESPNDB being introduced to the sports database world through the network of the internet has allowed the possibility of ESPN becoming the most valuable asset to any individual, professional or amateur, researching a sports topic. Its interactive nature and collaboration of media with text, and certifiable information make it different from all databases surrounding it, and put ESPNDB at the forefront of the sports database world. History Ever since ESPNs humble beginnings in 1979, they have continually had great success and prosperity within the sports world. As of 2010, ESPN had over one hundred million subscribers in the U.S. alone along with more than six thousand employees. Also, they own over fifty television channels, featuring almost every sport imaginable, and they have a global presence, as they have viewers in all seven continents. If that was not enough, ESPN airs hundreds of radio shows, has multiple website links, and even has its own magazine (ESPN Perspective). Even though ESPN already has its name staked to many things, they decided to expand their horizons to a whole new level when in 2009 they created ESPNDB. This database was created by ESPN editors to try and accompany and enhance ESPNs presence within the global sporting world. In order to stay up to date with Wikipedia and other sports websites, ESPNDB knew that they had to create a database that they could place onto the internet. They needed s omewhere, where they could place all of their historical data and information without it interfering with their current website; ESPNDB can be found through ESPNs search tab, but it also comes up as a separate website when using a search engine. They began testing the waters by placing information regarding only the NFL draft and NBA finals on the website. Many everyday users commented on the effectiveness of the website, most notably regarding their struggle in navigating and finding information time efficiently in the website. These comments hurt the credibility of the nationally recognized organization and led ESPN to begin by doing revisions and changes that are still being done to this date. At the current time, ESPNDB is still a work in progress website and only contains the two parts mentioned above. Editors and programmers are working hard to build a system that can one day hold its own with regards to sports data. With the aid of advertising and social networking websites, along with the needed attention from the ESPN staff, ESPNDB has the potential to take over the sports database world and become a strong supporting website. As EPSNDB began their website, they had multiple contributions from their own affiliate, ESPN. To begin with, probably the biggest advantage that ESPNDB has is that it has its name associated directly with the biggest name in sports media. While it would be easy to take this fact for granted and forget about it, this may actually be what makes or breaks ESPNDB. As long as ESPN continues to provide reliable information and has such a large presence globally, ESPNDB has an improved chance of having a respected and well received website. Instead of taking months or even years to get started and have a strong viewing community, ESPNDB should be able to start off with many viewers who will check out its website, because they have heard its name through the ESPN grapevine of fans. Having its name staked with ESPN, should also help bring advertisers that will help ensure the profitability and success of ESPNDB. Knowing that ESPN has helped companies advertise with success, many companies wi ll be willing to sacrifice their advertising dollars on a relatively new website. ESPN brings well trained and qualified professionals to help build and upkeep the ESPNDB website. Since many of these professionals have helped with the design of ESPN, ESPNDB will be lucky because their content will be thoroughly fact-checked and will come from professionals (Beutler 1). The development of this website is unlike many others, because ESPNDB will have the ability to use the past experiences and hardships of ESPN to better shape their website. ESPNs website designers will know what works well together and what does not, without having to go through all of the trial and error to figure it out. The ESPNDB can pick and choose what they like from ESPN, including features like the visual appearance, the social networking interaction, and the account signup, to give them an edge over many websites that are forced to start from nothing. ESPNs contributions to ESPNDB cannot be expressed with wor ds, as their nationally known name will have a strong positive effect on the future of ESPNDB. While ESPN had a strong role in contributing to ESPNDB, it would also be beneficial to look at some of the limitations that ESPN has and the ways that ESPNDB will seek to fix them. One clear negative to ESPNs website is their lack of historical data. When searching throughout their website, it is evident that information is only recorded back to 2002. While for the average sports fan this amount of information is acceptable, it would be more beneficial to all sports fans and bloggers if there was a way that they could access data dating back to the start of each professional sport. Therefore, EPSNDB plans to use their industry-best Stats and Information Group to provide fans with information dating back to the beginnings of every major sport (Beutler). While this idea has not been put into play yet, it is the hope and plan of ESPNDB to be the leader in providing quality data dating back many years. Also, ESPN lacks the in depth coverage of certain players, teams, coaches, and games t hat is necessary to dominant the competing companies. ESPN does have statistics on these but does not go into enough detail with them. ESPNDB will provide ways to compare players, teams, and coaches so that an individual can see how their favorite player compares to another player from the present or past. ESPNDB will also give more space to remember the greatest games and moments in the past; they will provide articles, discussions, and videos. ESPN realizes that it contains limitations and therefore has created ESPNDB to give more detail and precision to the areas of historical data and more in depth player, team, coaches, and game statistics. Along with ESPN there are numerous other sports databases that have their limitations. Sports Illustrated is another big name sports website that tries to compete within the areas of professional sports. Unlike ESPN, Sports Illustrated does have a historical section that dates back to 1908. Unfortunately, this section is only limited to Major League Baseball and does not apply to every other major sport. Also, Sports Illustrated is limited in its videos, articles, and journals about certain players. Whereas ESPN has a whole page with multiple links dedicated to each player, Sports Illustrated only has one single page that contains statistics of each season and game played, as it pertains to that individual player. Similar to ESPN, Sports Illustrated does not give any space on its website to talk about individual coaches and specific games or playoffs. This is a huge hole that can be filled by ESPNDB. Finally, Sports Illustrated has a limitation in that it gives information on a large number of professional sports, which hurts them in their ability to relate a lot of information about each sport. Sports Illustrated prides itself on offering a wide variety of information but not necessary a large quantity of it. Therefore, ESPNDB will have the benefit of focusing on just a few major sports and having an enormous and detailed amount of information for each one. Like ESPN, Sports Illustrated has a few weaknesses pertaining to their historical and detailed information of players, coaches, and games, along with their small amount of information relating to each sport. SportsDatabase.com is the second website that an individual comes upon, when searching for sports databases through the Google search engine. Sportsdatabase.com is unlike ESPN and Sports Illustrated in that it does not have a widely known name. This is a huge disadvantage, because many times people use what they know of, instead of considering switching to a different website for their information. This website is widely used for individuals who gamble and contains trends and data that will mostly help someone as they choose who will win a game or how a player will do during a game. Consequently, the website does not contain much information that would be relevant or helpful for the average fan or writer. Sportsdatabase.com is also extremely unappealing and does not contain graphics or color that would help grab the viewers attention. This website does a poor job in the area of appearance and usability, both of which should be strong characteristics in ESPNDB. One of the largest database websites to come about in the last decade has been Wikipedia. While is not normally known for its sports information, it does contain it and should therefore be examined. The biggest limitation with Wikipedia is that it is not credible in the information that it contains, since anyone can place or edit information on the website. This is a disadvantage that EPSNDB has considered, when they decided to have professionals only input data. ESPNDB has allowed fans to comment and blog on their information and articles, but it will not allow users to alter the data. Wikipedia also does not give the option to search or compare multiple players at one time, which is a huge downside for many fans. Another limitation to Wikipedia is that it does not contain much information on its site, but rather gives links and references to go to other sites for more information. This can be time consuming and will lead to many people not taking the time to further pursue their se arch interest. State of the Art ESPNDB has created a very complex, but comprehensive database to allow any user of the internet easy access to credible information. ESPNDB will combine the far-reaching resources of ESPN with the unique output of the companys industry-best Stats Information Group to give fans an immersive experience and make use of technologies that harness the collective knowledge of the worlds sports fans (ESPNDB). Because of this vast amount of data and information combined into this database, the production has occurred relatively slowly. Currently, there are only two sections of ESPNDB. There is a NFL Draft section and a NBA Finals section. The NFL Draft section of ESPNDB provides an in-depth historical analysis of draft classes dating back to 1964, which exceeds other sports databases by a great extent. Because ESPN was not developed until 1979, there are only draft logs and statistical breakdowns of the players and teams that were involved in drafts between 1964 and 1979. Every draft since that period, however, is composed of statistics, draft logs, and analyses. The analyses provided are a combination of articles and columns, as well as audio and visual pieces. There are also feature sections of the NFL Draft section. These subsections provide direct comparisons of players as well as experts opinions and analysis of the draft choices, draft classes, and teams overall draft grade. The section also provides a draft tracker. This draft tracker provides real time coverage of each years draft. As players as selected in the draft, they are removed from the pool of prospects and placed in the selecting teams draft log, and their statistics from their college football career are posted beside their profile. The draft tracker allows ESPNDB to not only be a comprehensive historical database, but also a real time tracking device for the NFL draft. The NFL Draft section also allows the common individual without any prior knowledge of the NFL draft to become familiarized through numerous other subsections. One of these sections is a history section, which provides a brief history of the drafts inception and the reason for its creation. There are also subsections describing the format of the draft, eligibility requirements of the draft, and the supplemental draft. Besides the countless sections, each filled with data and media beyond the means of any other sports database, there is a discussion board connected to the NFL Draft section. This discussion board allows experts and fans to interact, making ESPNDB not only the most broad and informative database in the sports genre, but also an interactive database. The discussion board allows fans to post questions and comments, giving experts the chance to respond with educated and edifying answers. This interactive tool is just another reason for fans and internet users to utilize ESPNDB as their source for sports related information. The second section of ESPNDB is the NBA Finals section. This section is formatted very much like the NFL Draft section. Each NBA championship, since 1947, is broken down by year, teams involved in the championship series, coaches involved in the championship series, and players involved in the championship series. Each coach and player who was involved in that years NBA Finals is provided a profile page with their biography, historical statistics, and their statistics from their performance in the championship series. Each championship series from 1979 to present is also accompanied by media relating to the series. There are interviews with experts and players, analyses by experts, and video clips of game casts for each Finals year. There are also subsections connected to the NBA Finals section. These subsections allow users to explore the debate between experts, retired players, current players, and celebrities connected to the NBA over comparing players side by side, comparing past players with present players, comparing past teams with present teams, and comparing decades of basketball against each other. These subsections are filled with video, audio, statistics, and columns relating to these topics, and are accompanied by a discussion board giving the user the opportunity to interact and voice their thoughts and opinions about the topics. The NBA Finals section has revolutionized the way journalists, historians, and fans will retrieve information regarding the topic. This section of ESPNDB only adds to the marvel of ESPNs collaboration of resources into a deep and complex database, a database connected to the largest network in existence, thus an asset of great importance to any user. Though ESPNDB has master the art of creating databases for the sports genre concerning both the NBA Finals and NFL Draft, the database is still trumped by other sports databases in regards to other sports topics. The task of researching Michael Jordans statistics in his first NBA Finals appearance, along with what reporters who were covering the series had to say about the performance, is a simple task that could be performed in a matter of minutes with the use of ESPNDB. A task to find statistics regarding the NHL season, or MLB season, while using ESPNDB is impossible. ESPNDB is a database that concentrates on a specific topic, and digs deeper into that topic than any other sports database has before. At the same time, their horizons are very narrow while other sports databases horizons are wide but the topics lack depth. The combination of resources used in ESPNDB provides a complex and time consuming task for the developers, and as stated before, this thoroughness and complexity has proven to be the largest boundary and limitation in ESPNDBs development and expansion. Though ESPNDB is currently experiencing a stalemate in development and expansion, the possibilities for providing fans the most comprehensive interactive database available through the internet is not a distant fantasy. ESPN is a company who, since its inception, has strived to be the one network needed to for any person to gain sports knowledge or view sporting events. The companys sports broadcasts reach 93 million homes from ESPNs headquartersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ESPN.comà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦gets about 18 million unique visitors a month (Boulton). The companys constant broadcasts are filled with content covering every major sport in the states, and now reaching sports across the world. This overflow of content produced through broadcasting and updating the ESPN primary website has the potential to be redirected and become the foundations of ESPNDB expanding its horizons to cover broad topics, such as the major sports leagues as a whole, but still with the same depth, accuracy, and usefulness as their current sections. Until this stalemate has dissipated, ESPNDB focuses on the concentrated topics at hand, the NFL draft and NBA Finals. The two specified sections in ESPNDBs database are being updated as new data and new media is created and released. The 2011 NFL draft is being updated with media, statistics and columns daily, and the draft tracker for this years draft is fully functional and ready for users to take advantage of. ESPNDB offers updated content of its two extraordinarily impressive sections constantly, which subdues the wait and anticipation for the expansion of the database. Current Applications There are a few professions that will be strongly interested in using ESPNDB to further their knowledge and understanding of sports. Sports historians are one group of individuals that may find ESPNDB to be very helpful in their research. According to Education-Portal.com, sports historians must have excellent research skills, as they search for historical professional sports data. ESPNDB will be a strong aid for these employees, as it will provide faster researching for them and give them more accurate data on past professional sports athletes and coaches. Another profession that it would highly benefit to use ESPNDB would be sports journalists or columnists. By using ESPNDB, their prewriting times will decrease dramatically, as they are able to search and contrast players easier and will be assured with more confidence of their results. Above all us, EPSNDB will be of extreme importance to the average fan and blogger, as they want to locate data and discuss it with other fans. They can be assured that all of the information that they want is on the one site, rather than searching all over the internet for different sites. This is a key idea for many individuals, as time is usually in their strongest interest. ESPNDB will help in many areas no doubt, but these are individuals that it should be of the greatest importance to. People The advent of online databases has revolutionized the way our society obtains and stores information. ESPNDB has had an enormous impact on the people who avidly follow sports and seek out more information about their favorite players, teams, and coaches. Jim Noel has equated the website to a competitor with Wikipedia by stating Wikipedia has experienced tremendous growth over the last five years and we believe that we can offer a better, more definitive, more credible resource for finding facts and figures and information than anybody else (http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticleart_aid=104294). This statement is a bold challenge to the juggernaut that is Wikipedia. ESPNDB still lacks key features which give Wikipedia a significant edge when it comes to user interaction. Unlike Wikipedia, which allows any user to alter information contained within the site, ESPNDB only allows ESPNDB paid employees to alter the websites content. This means that while the inform ation may be one hundred percent creditable, it will lack almost instantaneous updating of information that users enjoy on Wikipedia. This is a potentially serious problem for ESPNDB because they could fall seriously behind in content, and could become financially unsound because the employees are paid, unlike Wikipedia who enjoys an almost unending amount of users willing to update information for free. This factor could significantly affect the people who use online databases because the freedom of use does not exist within the ESPN database. ESPNDB also have a long way to go in developing the type of people driven database that Wikipedia enjoys. ESPNDB is striving to get all sports fans to go to their database to get the most information about all things sports. This will be a problem however because the site only contains only around 500 pages of information. Compared to their biggest competitor which is Wikipedia this could be severely debilitating, when it comes to getting peo ple interested in using ESPNDB exclusively. The chart below shows the vast scope of ESPNDBs largest competitor. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/AR_web_all-spreads_24mar11_72_FINAL.pdf When the chart above is considered it becomes very clear that for ESPNDB to have profound effects on people they must exceed the effects of sites such as Wikipedia. They must allow people from all different countries to come together to discuss the information provided and without allowing the users the power to edit the site, and without enough information uploaded to view this it will become impossible for ESPNDB. Process While the effects of ESPNDB will be very important to many different people, the effects on the current business processes of database competitors are even more important. One profound difference between ESPNDB and its competitors is the nature of the staffing involved with the database. ESPNDB only allows paid employees to alter the information and content of the online database. This means that they will have significantly higher costs associated with running the database as opposed to user ran databases on the web. Below is a chart which shows the salaries of these employees. ( http://www.simplyhired.com/a/salary/search/q-edito+espndb/lbristol,+ct) This chart clearly shows that if ESPNDB continues to only allow employees to edit the database then the company is going to incur significant amounts of payroll expense. This means that the database will have to find a way to either offset this cost or change the way their current business process to a cheaper way of operation, such as the user input system in conjunction with volunteer fact checkers that Wikipedia subscribes to. ESPNDB does exhibit a profound difference compared to a database site such as Wikipedia. ESPNDB has chosen specialization over generalization. On a database system such as Wikipedia a user can search any topic from Barry Bonds home town to the history of the royal family. ESPNDB has chosen a different way to build their site. They have chosen to specialize in their specific area of expertise, which is the data of sports. By choosing this particular way of building, they have ensured they can concentrate on providing the best and most accurate information bas ed on their area of focus. This will allow the database to spend significantly more time on the articles they generate and maintain, than a site such as Wikipedia. This also allows the user to more effectively find the information they are seeking, because there are less unrelated articles vying for their attention within the database. Below are pictures of each databases homepage. It is obvious that a user is more likely to go to the sports article they are interested in without being distracted by random articles on the ESPNDB site. While users of Wikipedia are faced with many more unrelated articles when trying to get to the article they seek. Technology ESPNDB will have a profound effect on how different people across the world use technology to access and use sports databases. ESPNDB allows users to access and view the web databases content through cell phones, Ipads, Ipods, computers, netbooks, and interactive televisions. This ease of access using the latest technology will have profound effects upon where and how the database is used and viewed. A popular way to access the database is through social media websites. Twitter allows patrons to post links from ESPNDB to your account and link any articles on the database to your tweets. This allows any Twitter user to have instant access to information that will allow them to prove their friends wrong, or display some kernel of knowledge about their favorite team or players. Below is a perfect example of a Twitter page with linked information. As you can see from the picture above Twitter allows easy access to the ESPN database. The actual link to the database will be located in the tweet that the user posts from the database. By linking the database to their tweet the user allows any of their followers the opportunity to click on the link in the tweet, which takes them directly to the articles location within the ESPN database. This allows the use of twitter, which uses technology that almost every person has access to on the internet, to showcase users favorite sports information and opinions. Even more important to ESPNDB is the use of Facebook. Facebook is available using almost every type of web accessible technology on the market today. This means that using Facebook as an access point to ESPNDB will allow any user to view the database content using all the different technologies that Facebook currently supports. This is very important because this will allow ESPNDB to reach many more people than they would reach just using Twitter. While both social networking sites are viewed through many of the same devices the use and access of Facebook is much more prevalent. The graph below shows that not only is Facebook more popular, but also shows that different people use Facebook than people who use Twitter. ESPNDB is marketing their database toward the teenage to young adult demographic much more than the older p

Multiculturalism in Early Childhood Education Essay

In recent times, early childhood education is becoming more diverse. Early childhood providers are required to attempt many challenging tasks. One of the most difficult of these is providing our children with diverse, multicultural experiences. (Ogletree & Larke, 2010) Since the beginning of times, young children have been raised by their families, extended families, clans and communities. Even today, most childcare homes and many early childhood programs tend to be fairly consistent and quite similar to the child’s home background. Parents tend to choose childcare and early childhood programs based on whether the programs match their own views of education and discipline. (Tarman & Tarman, 2011) Programs nowadays are expected to provide the children with experiences outside of their groups, offering opportunities to teach them to be tolerant, respectful and accepting of differences. (Derman-Sparks, 1989) Bennet (1995) described multicultural education â€Å"as an approach to teaching and learning that is based upon democratic beliefs and seeks to foster cultural pluralism within culturally diverse societies and an interdependent world. † In Singapore, where we have a culturally diverse population, it is essential to be sensitive towards each other’s cultural practices, beliefs and views. Thus, the reason to include multicultural education into the early childhood education system deems as important. The logical reason being that brain research has proved that the â€Å"prime time† for emotional and social development in children is from birth to twelve years of age. (Abdullah, 2009) Issues in Including Multicultural Education in Early Childhood Education There are several issues that do not allow multicultural education to permeate the early childhood programs in Singapore. Curriculum The curriculum of a center shows the process in which learning outcomes will be achieved. Therefore, including the goals and objectives of multicultural education into the center’s curriculum is essential. It has to be infused throughout the curriculum. Good early childhood pedagogy reflects and empowers the diverse cultural backgrounds of the children and families with whom they work. (Robinson & Jones, 2006) Including children’s identity into the daily programming and planning of the early childhood curriculum is considered necessary for developing their self-esteem as well as cultivating their appreciation for diversity that exists more widely in our society. (Abdullah, 2009) In Singapore, multicultural education is not a mainstream issue. With Singaporeans being more aware of issues and events through globalization and internet, it is truly essential that multicultural education is included in schools. Quah (as cited in Berthelsen & Karuppiah, 2011) has discussed the expanded ethnic and religious awareness strain among Singapore in recent years. Recent cases such as the wearing of the Muslim head-dress in government schools drummed up a buzz around the diverse ethnic groups in Singapore and resuscitated ethnic strains. These cases show that government policies need to be re-evaluated painstakingly so as to safeguard cultural harmony and maintain respect for cultural diversity. Thus, gaining support from the Government to deal with this issue indepth is significant. Language Development Usually the educational system in most countries applies the national language as the medium of instruction. However, multiculturalism and the distinguishment of the important role of language in studying makes it compulsory for differing qualities of dialect, abilities and correspondence styles to be recognized, esteemed and utilized within all early childhood services. The procurement for children to study the majority language whilst maintaining their first language ought to be underpinned and energized. This obviously is to propose bilingualism or in any event underpin for the home dialect as a strategy even at the unanticipated youth level. (Abdullah, 2009) Research has demonstrated that there can just be favourable circumstances to the child other than ensuring and regarding home dialect. (Hakuta, 1986) This primary issue and challenge for the procurement of bilingual training is one of human assets. Relatively few countries will have the personnel who themselves are bilingual or multilingual. Consequently, children with languages other than the national language to look, maintain and to develop and broaden their language and concept development within early childhood services. (Vuckovic, 2008) All children have the chance to listen to, utilise and study the majority language in a steady environment where assets, materials and individuals are utilized to scaffold their learning in a majority language. Early Childhood Education Staff. Staff working in childcare centers and early childhood education programs has the ability to create an impact on the children’s developing attitudes towards cultural diversity more than any other person in the child’s life. This is an undeniable fact. It is crucial that staff go through appropriate training or staff advancement programs, which include the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes for such an avocation. Teacher must take the steps necessary to better themselves as teachers in multicultural education settings. With the changing face of today’s classrooms, there is a growing need to address multiculturalism an diversity awareness. (Riskowski & Olbricht, 2010) Training courses for early childhood educators might as well have components in both content and conveyance that address diversity of cultures. (Verma, 2003) Pre-service preparation in the form of actual scenarios where teachers are set in multicultural or classrooms made up of cultures different from their own are particularly adequate in getting them to re-look at their existing convictions and biases. (Jacobson, 2003) This type of learning emphatically influences teachers’ manners towards teaching in diverse settings. Pre-service learning has the potential of enabling teacher candidates to stand up to challenging issues of social inequities and to start the deconstruction of lifelong attitudes and the development of socially just educators. (Baldwin, Buchanan & Rudisill, 2007) Issues Affecting Child as a Learner Children need an education, which allows them to take their place in this multicultural society. A child as young as two and three years are familiar with human distinctions and this mindfulness is connected with the improvement of specific disposition. An essential socialization as well as preferences and habit pattern in the early years of life leaves a preserving impact on the individual. .(Jacobson, 2003) These findings feature the importance of bringing social values and attitudes to children’s attention during this critical developmental period. Using this evidence, it becomes clear that early childhood community needs to address the needs of multicultural children and their unique families. These children include biological, multiracial and multi-ethnic children in blended homes, foster homes, adoptive homes and a variety of biological homes. In the early years, the child’s family assumes the leading role in socialising the child to the conduct, beliefs, convictions and plans held inside their culture. (Garbarino, 1992) With the rise in the amount of working parents and children partaking in group programs from an early age, preschools have likewise turned into compelling socialisation force. (Berthelsen & Karuppiah, 2011). Young children who live in a multicultural community experience social differences firsthand; it is part of their world. Then again, other children who live in a monocultural group frequently have challenges comprehending and tolerating an environment that is not the same as theirs. Knowing increasingly about the noteworthiness of children’s voyages between home and school and the impacts of these adventures, teachers can help these children unite the universes of home and school and all different worlds that they might experience in theirdaily lives. (Vuckovic, 2008) Pressures from mass media likewise push an impact on children to fit in with a uniform set of necessitites, dialect, method of articulation inshort, a whole way of life. They are exposed to a ‘counter culture’, which declines and demoralizes articulation from expressing their culture of origin. Regularly, this brings about immense pressures for the children, with parents demanding adherence to the old customs, with traditions practised in the home and frequently in activities outside the home. The consequence is that by and large, parents get estranged from their children who are attempting to comprehend and adapt to their transitory sub-culture, yet endeavouring to make a successful modification into another society, which secretively and frequently unintentionally denies them this right. ( Lin & Bates, 2010) Misconceptions in Teachers The most common issue is misconceptions in multiculturalism. Educators are unsure of their own ability to define what their role is in teaching culture. Teachers need the knowledge, skills and positive attitudes to know what to teach and how to teach. (Berthelsen, & Karuppiah, 2011) Teachers need to teach in a way that will meet the needs of all of their students. It may not be easy and may require more attention, time and effort. An issue teachers face is that pre-service teachers are leaving their courses unassuming to educate in today’s diverse classrooms. The dominant parts of them are leaving courses after just having one or two essential modules on educating in a multicultural setting. They are not ready for interacting with different cultures than the shielded ones that a large portion of them live in. (Lin & Bates, 2010) They are not ready for the distinctive needs controlled by today’s multicultural student population. They end up being not as qualified in this area as they should be. One reason for this could be that teachers express that students oppose multicultural education. (Atwater, Freeman, Bulter & Morris, 2010) Why is this the case? Everyone holds his or her beliefs about things. The zone of multicultural instruction is no distinctive. One of the first things that a teacher must do is to analyse herself. She ought to perceive how the conclusions, convictions and viewpoints that she holds influence the curriculum that she is planning to teach. Whether purposeful or not, a teacher’s comtemplations, recognitions, inclinations and sentiments can likely be depicted to her students. (Nichols & Dong, 2011) A â€Å"tourist approch† towards multiculturalism where cultures are only taught through celebrations, food and traditional clothing is a very common sighting in Singapore. (Berthelsen & Karrupiah, 2011) It is both disparaging and trivializing and does not give a genuine comprehension of different societies. (Derman-Sparks, 1989) Teacher need to comprehend their own particular convictions about cultures and differing qualities so as to execute multicultural education programs viably with young children. Teachers should take the steps important to better themselves as instructors in multicultural settings. This is no feat that can be accomplished overnight. Multicultural Education in Singapore Singapore is a multi-racial, multi-lingual and multi-religious society. Our population comprises mainly Chinese, Malays, Indians and others. Multicultural education is not a mainstream issue in Singapore. While the government has been capable to keep up peace and congruity through its political, social and financial strategies and unique days, it does not manage the issue in profundity. As Singaporeans are presently for the most part more mindful of issues and occasions around the world through globalization and the web, it has become progressively critical for Singapore to think about multicultural education in schools. In the meantime as empowering differences through conservation of the social personality of the racial and ethnic aggregations in the nation, the government has likewise attempted to work towards building social union around diverse assemblies, which offered ascent to the trademark ‘unity in diversity’. (Berthelsen & Karuppiah, 2011) For multicultural education to be viable, it must be taught in the early years of education and strengthened in the later stages. Since children’s attitudes to their and other social assemblies start to structure in the early years, early childhood educators can impact the improvement of uplifting demeanor towards others, as well as consolidating an educational program concentrate on tolerance wand cross-cultural understandings of others. Early childhood educators, however, cannot adopt a â€Å"tourist approach† to multiculturalism which generalizes other societies and transforms the multicultural educational module into a â€Å"tourist curriculum†. ‘Tourist curriculum† which educates about cultures through festivals and antiquities of society, for example, food and traditional clothing, is both disparaging and trivializing and does not give a genuine comprehension of other cultures. Teachers need to understand their own beliefs about culture and diversity in order to implement multicultural education programs effectively with young children. (Berthelsen & Karuupiah, 2011) A survey was done by Berthelsen & Karuppiah(2011) to find out their understandings of multicultural education and their perceptions of its importance in early childhood education. This was conducted in Singapore among a variety of teachers workingin private and public kindergartens and childcare centers. The participants came from different ethnic groups in Singapore. Perceptions about multiculturalism and children’s learning In this case study, they found that most teachers had restricted comprehension of multiculturalism. They saw multiculturalism as just regarding race and in the connection of Singapore. About 60% of the participants expressed that multicultural education implied having information of one;s culture and additionally other cultures. They believed that this learning is sufficient and would immediately carry individuals out of diverse societies together. Another 40% showed that children learn prejudices, dispositions, convictions and qualities from the adults around them, parents and teachers. They communicated convictions that schools assume a paramount part in educating children about diverse cultures. Beliefs about teaching for multiculturalism The same group of teachers were asked their beliefs about teaching for multiculturalism. Twenty of them thought directing a multicultural program implied examining distinctive cultures regarding their food, clothing, celebrations, traditions and so forth. This brings it back to the â€Å"tourist approach† that Derman-Sparks(1989) implied when educating about multiculturalism. They did not go past a tourist point of view in advancing an ‘anti-bias’ approach to educating and researching the distinctive cultures. Thirteen others said preschool centers should treat kids of diverse cultures similarly and decently. Sixteen teachers thought individuals might as well put stock in multicultural education and be supportive of it. The greater part of teachers who had constructive encounters in multicultural situations or with multicultural individuals were likewise more agreeable than others without such encounters in examining multicultural issues. A few teachers had reservations about talking over â€Å"delicate† issues, for example race or religion. Professional learning needs about multiculturalism Based on the survey done by Berthelsen & Karuppiah(2011), the teachers comprehended that they needed to understand more about multicultural education. They agreed that teachers needed knowledge, skills and positive attitudes to know what to teach and how to teach. However, the teachers did not explicitly discuss the vitality of individual reflection to comprehend their own particular prejudices, demeanor, convictions and qualities, and how these could influence their educating and learning. There were no critical or elaborated ideas on the challenges and opportunities to implement multicultural education programs. Recommendations James A. Banks, a specialist in multicultural education, has developed the five dimensions of multicultural education. He realised that in his work, numerous teachers considered multicultural education as simply content integration, meaning utilizing samples, information and data from diverse cultures. (Ogltree & larke, 2010) The five dimensions are content integration, knowledge constructions, equity pedagogy, prejudice reduction and empowering school culture and social structure. He desired for teachers to have the skills and knowledge and racial attitudes needed to work with people from diverse groups and to use a wide variety of strategies that cater to a wider range of students. (Banks, 2002) Content Integration Teachers should use several different approaches to integrate content about racial, ethnic and cultural groups into the curriculum. One of the most popular is the Contributions Approach. When this approach is used, teachers insert isolated facts about ethnic and cultural group heroes and heroines into the curriculum without changing the structure of their lesson plans and units. Knowledge Construction It helps students to understand how knowledge is constructed and how it reflects the experiences, values, and perspectives of its creators. In this approach, the structure, assumptions, and perspectives of the curriculum are changed so that the concepts, events, and issues taught are viewed from the perspectives and experiences of a range of racial, ethnic, and cultural groups. The center of the curriculum no longer focuses on mainstream and dominant groups, but on an event, issue, or concept that is viewed from many different perspectives and points of view. This is done while at the same time helping students to understand the nation’s common heritage and traditions. Teachers should help students to understand that while they live in a diverse nation, all citizens of a nation-state share many cultural traditions, values, and political ideals that cement the nation. Multicultural education seeks to actualize the idea of e pluribus unum, i. e. to create a society that recognizes and respects the cultures of its diverse peoples united within a framework of democratic values that are shared by all. (Banks, 2002) Prejudice Reduction According to Banks, this dimension is important in creating a â€Å"more positive racial and ethnic attitudes. † Basically, this dimension is the aspect of education where the teacher helps to lessen the amount of prejudice within students. Equity Pedagogy Teachers change their methods to enable kids from diverse racial groups and both genders to achieve. Empowering School Culture and Social Structure James Banks talks about looking not just at individual classrooms, but at the total school culture to see how to make it more equitable and using the other four dimensions to create a safe and healthy educational environment for all. James Banks’ five dimensions support that a child’s racial attitudes can change but education must start early and that early childhood programs are the perfect place to start multicultural education. (Vuckovic, 2008) Teachers As such, how can we make this a better transition for both teachers and the children? Sheets(as cited in Nichols & Dong, 2011) said, â€Å"all teachers can begin and most evolve into culturally competent educators; however, it is important to become conscious that the ardous journey from novice to expert requires hard work, relentless commitment, and a high investment of time and energy†. Two evident approaches for joining multicultural education with teacher education programs are infusion versus segregation, and culture-specific versus culture-general. (Melnick & Zeichner, 1997) Ladson-Billings (as cited in Berthelsen & Karuppiah,2011), proposed a basic structure for breaking down teacher preparation programs. She argued that, paying little mind to prospective teachers; race, ethnicity or backgrounds; the educational module should include a target on comprehending the way of pre-service teacher relationships and the cultural bases of the educational program, educating and society. The education of teachers should boost self-reflection on values and beliefs about cultural difference and advocate the studying approaches, which allow for teacher inclusion that is dymanic, significant and ethno-linguistically appropriate. The plans of Melnick and Zeichner (1997) and Ladson-Billings (as cited in Berthelsen & Karuppiah, 2011) could be connected to teacher education programs for early childhood education in Singapore. Such programs might investigate how preschool educators characterize and conceptualize multicultural education; fuse investigations of the history of race relationships; and use careful investigations and field encounters to provide teachers with chances to gain greater knowledge, skills and understandings of their own culture as well as of other cultural and language groups in their society. In particular, they should learn how to advance suitable programs for young children that consolidate encounters to permit children to comprehend cultural differences and encourage relationships between children of distinctive cultural backgrounds. Environment There is a need for physical environment where children are well versed to reflect the cultures represented by the children working within it. For example, pictures, books, art, music, activities, cooking and recognition of certain significant days important to each culture can reflect this orientation. (Jacobson, 2003) There is a need to advocate in children, knowledge of the similarities and contrasts in cultures, underscoring the likeness while encouraging an inspirational demeanor towards and delight in the differences. This could be attained through celebrating various holidays, enjoying reading material, folklore, music, art, games and introducing foods of various cultures. There is a need for a social or racial match between some educating staff and children in schools to be accomplished. This shows how the administration and teachers work together to decrease racial stereotypes and prejudices in the school and increase democratic attitudes, values and behaviours. The support from management is definitely essential. (Banks, 2002) Conclusion Multiculturalism is worthwhile undertaking in early childhood education based on our country’s population. It prepares children for the challenges of the globalized world. To attain the above, early childhood settings need to plan an environment, which puts forth diversity positively through resources, and materials that do not sustain stereotypes. It is also essential that a multicultural education, from pre-school onwards permeates the whole curriculum. It is inadequate to commit a component regularly reputed to be ‘ethnic studies’ to a corner of the syllabus or to a half hour period for every week. Most desirable is that interpersonal relations ought to be passed on by long-term and rational modeling and that knowledge gained ought to be by first-hand experience. Important implications need to be addressed before infusing it into the early childhood curriculum and equal collaboration between children, teachers, parents, administrators, employers and the wider community is essential. (Vuckovic, 2008) 2800 words References Abdullah, A. C. (2009) Multicultural education in early childhood: Issues and challenges. Journal of International Coopeation in Education, 12(1) Atwater, M. , Freeman, T. , Butler, M. , Morris, J. (2010). A case study of science teacher candidates’ understandings and actions related to the culturally responsive teaching of â€Å"other† students. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education. 5. 287-318. Baldwin. S. C. , Buchanan, A. M. , & Rudisill, M. e. (2007). 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Student views of diversity: A multicultural mathematics activity. Viewing transformation during the middle school years. Multicultural Education. 2-12. Sheets, R. (2009). What is diversity pedagogy?. Multicultural Education. 11-17. Tarman, I. , & Tarman, B. (2011). Developing effective multicultural practices: A case study of exploring a teacher’s understanding and practices. The Journal of International Social Research, 4(17). Verma, G. K. (2003). Ethnic diversity and multicultural education: Cross-cutting issues and concepts. Proceedings of The International Conference on Globalization and Multicultural Perspectives in Education, Penang, Malaysia, 3-4 Dec. 2003. Vuckovic, A. (2008). Making the multicultural learning environment flourish: The importance of the child-teacher relationship in educating young children about diversity. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(1).